Biological hydrogen production from corn stover by moderately thermophile Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum W16

This study addressed the utilization of an agro-waste, corn stover, as a renewable lignocellulosic feedstock for the fermentative H₂ production by the moderate thermophile Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum W16. The corn stover was first hydrolyzed by cellulase with supplementation of xylanase after delignification with 2% NaOH. It produced reducing sugar at a yield of 11.2 g L⁻¹ glucose, 3.4 g L⁻¹ xylose and 0.5 g L⁻¹ arabinose under the optimum condition of cellulase dosage 25 U g⁻¹ substrate with supplement xylanase 30 U g⁻¹ substrate. The hydrolyzed corn stover was sequentially introduced to fermentation by strain W16, where, the cell density and the maximum H₂ production rate was comparable to that on simulated medium, which has the same concentration of reducing sugars with hydrolysate. The present results suggest a promising combined hydrogen production process from corn stover with enzymatic hydrolysis stage and fermentation stage using W16.     

‘s Gravesande's Appropriation of Newton's Natural Philosophy,Part II: Methodological Issues

It has been suggested in the literature that, although Willem Jacob ‘s Gravesande occasionally treated Newton's doctrines in a selective manner, he was nevertheless an unremitting follower of Newton's methodology. As part of a reassessment of ‘s Gravesande's Newtonianism, I argue that, although ‘s Gravesande took over key terms of Newton's methodological canon, his methodological ideas are upon close scrutiny quite different from and occasionally even incongruent with Newton's views on the matter.     

轧辊用3Cr2W8V钢的热处理工艺研究

对3Cr2W8V钢制轧辊的热处理工艺进行了研究,结果表明:采用中温渗碳淬火加低温回火,可满足其使用性能要求.     

钨粉粒度和烧结工艺对高比重钨合金组织结构和力学性能的影响

论文研究了由两种不同粒度W粉,分别在1 530℃、1 570℃烧结,烧结时间分别为0.5 h、1 h、2 h、3 h制成的93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe高比重合金.探讨了该合金液相烧结"溶解、析出"的体积扩散基本过程.实验结果表明:细颗粒W粉组成的合金烧结时W晶粒长大速率大于粗颗粒W粉组成的合金长大速率,随着烧结时间延长,W晶粒不断长大,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率也相应提高,但W晶粒过大,抗拉强度将会降低.     

Phase and microstructure of tungsten coating on C/C composite prepared by double-glow plasma

W-coated C/C composite is the most interesting as the ITER plasma facing components. In this paper, a dense W-modified layer was prepared on the C/C composite substrate by double-glow plasma method using pure W as target. Argon was input into the chamber as the plasma and the reactive gas. Phase and microstructure of as-prepared coating were examined by the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results indicated that the dense W-modified layer could be successfully coated on the surface of the C/C composite substrate by double-glow plasma method. The W-modified layer was made of many columnar grains extending perpendicularly outward from the C/C composite substrate. There was a transition layer honeycomb-like between W coating and the C/C composite substrate. The adhesive force of the W coating and C/C substrate was about 21 N.     

基于W5300的高速硬件以太网解决方案

现代数据采集领域中,越来越多的现场采集设备需要扩展网络功能以实现远程控制和数据传输.以太网以其低成本、易于集成、传输距离远的优势得到了广泛应用.本文采用W5300芯片搭建了一种新颖的嵌入式网络控制系统,具有开发周期短、弹性高的优点,并且能够有效降低主CPU负担.     

大型铝合金压铸模早期开裂原因分析及解决措施

分析了引起大型铝合金压铸模早期断裂的原因，并详细给出了具体的解决措施，提高了模具质量，帮助企业降低生产成本。     

Experimental study on latent heat storage characteristics of W/O emulsion -Supercooling rate of dispersed water drops by direct contact heat exchange-

Recently, much attention has been paid to investigate the latent heat storage system. Using of ice heat storage system brings an equalization of electric power demand, because it will solved the electric -power-demand-concentration on day-time of summer by the air conditioning. The flowable latent heat storage material, Oil/Water type emulsion, microencapsulated latent heat material-water mixture or ice slurry, etc., is enable to transport the latent heat in a pipe. The flowable latent heat storage material can realize the pipe size reduction and system efficiency improvement. Supercooling phenomenon of the dispersed latent heat storage material in continuous phase brings the obstruction of latent heat storage. The latent heat storage rates of dispersed water drops in W/O (Water/Oil) emulsion are investigated experimentally in this study. The water drops in emulsion has the diameter within 3 ～ 25μm, the averaged water drop diameter is 7.3μm and the standard deviation is 2.9μm. The direct contact heat exchange method is chosen as the phase change rate evaluation of water drops in W/O emulsion. The supercooled temperature and the cooling rate are set as parameters of this study. The evaluation is performed by comparison between the results of this study and the past research. The obtained experimental result is shown that the 35K or more degree from melting point brings 100% latent heat storage rate of W/O emulsion. It was clarified that the supercooling rate of dispersed water particles in emulsion shows the larger value than that of the bulk water.     

Study on Thermal Deformation Behavior and Properties of Vacuum Hot-press Sintered W(50)/Cu-Al_2O_3 Composite

In this work, the tungsten particulate reinforced Al2O3 dispersion strengthened copper base composites were successfully fabricated by using a vacuum hot-press sintering method. With the test temperature varying from 650 to 950 ℃ and the strain rate varying from 0.01 to 5 s-1, the W(50)/Cu-Al2O3 composites were isothermally compressed on a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator. The true stress-strain curves of the W(50)/Cu-Al2O3 under different test conditions were obtained. The dynamic recrystallization of the W...     

Preparation and properties of poly(urethane acrylate) (PUA) and tetrapod ZnO whisker (TZnO‐W) composite films

Tetrapod zinc oxide whiskers (TZnO‐Ws) were successfully synthesized via a thermal oxidation method and confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A series of poly(urethane acrylate) (PUA)/TZnO‐W composite films with various TZnO‐W contents were prepared via a UV curing method and their physical properties were investigated to understand their possible use as packaging materials. The morphological, thermal, mechanical, antibacterial and barrier properties of the PUA/TZnO‐W composite films were interpreted as a function of TZnO‐W content. The thermal stability, barrier properties and antibacterial properties of the composite films, which were strongly dependent upon their chemical and morphological structure, were enhanced as the TZnO‐W content increased. The oxygen transmission rate and water vapor transmission rate decreased from 614 to 161 cm³ m^?2 per day and 28.70 to 28.16 g m^?2 per day, respectively. However, the mechanical strength of the films decreased due to the low interfacial interaction and poor dispersion with high TZnO‐W loading. The enhanced barrier properties and good antibacterial properties of the PUA/TZnO‐W composite films indicate that these materials are potentially suitable for many packaging applications. However, further studies are needed to increase the compatibility of polymer matrix and filler. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry